表面增强拉曼光谱在食源性致病微生物检测中的应用研究

食源性致病微生物导致的食源性疾病已成为全球化的公共卫生问题。快速、有效地检测食源性致病微生物是实现食源性疾病预防与控制的关键环节，也是保障食品安全的技术关键。表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)具有简单、快速、灵敏度高等优点，在食品安全、生物医学、环境监控等领域展现出良好的应用前景。介绍了近年来SERS在食源性致病微生物检测中的应用研究进展。对SERS技术概况、SERS增强理论及SERS增强基底进行了简要介绍，重点回顾了SERS在食源性致病微生物检测中的应用和发展现状。在食品安全分析方面，利用SERS与模式识别方法相结合对食品中常见食源性致病微生物能实现快速、有效鉴别，部分研究已应用于不同食品样品的分析，体现了SERS作为“指纹图谱”的分析优势；在医学诊断方面，SERS可对病理样品(如血液、尿液等)中食源性致病微生物进行快速检测，缩短了样本分析时间，使食源性疾病的快速诊断成为可能；随着微流控技术的发展，微流控平台结合SERS技术被称为“芯片实验室”应用于食源性致病微生物的检测，可提高分析的可控性，稳定性，特异性和灵敏度。通过对比分析，发现不同研究可采用不同分离方法、不同基底、不同目标捕获方式等实现了食源性致病微生物的检测，展示了不同方法间的差异性。已有研究表明了SERS在食源性致病微生物检测中应用可克服传统方法耗时等缺点，实现灵敏快速分析，为食品安全实时监控，食源性疾病即时诊断提供了有效的分析工具。同时，指出了SERS技术应用于食源性致病微生物分析依然面临很大挑战，(1)大多数研究并没有聚焦于实际样品，而标准培养液和实际样品的SERS检测存在较大差异，实际样品组分会对SERS响应产生干扰；(2)不同方法结果有较大差异，主要是由于纳米增强基底差异，吸附方式原理的差异，稳定性的差异等，因此需要更多深入研究进一步优化条件；(3)期望建立标准化的SERS方法替代传统技术，充分展示SERS作为新兴分析工具快速、灵敏、简捷的优势应用于食品安全，医学诊断等领域。将来，随着研究的深入及相关学科的发展，SERS作为极具潜力的快速分析工具，将在食品安全，生物医学等领域具有更广阔的应用前景。     

Applicability of ~9Be global optical potential to reactions of ~(7,10,11,12)Be

Elastic scattering angular distributions and total reaction cross-sections of ~(7,10,11,12)Be projectiles are predicted by the systematic ~9 Be global phenomenological optical model potential for target mass numbers ranging from24 to 209. These predictions provide a detailed analysis by their comparison with the available experimental data.Furthermore, these elastic scattering observables are also predicted for some targets out of the mass number range.The results are in reasonable agreement with the existing experimental data, and they are presented in this study.     

LiB6Si: An indirect band gap semiconductor

Using first-principle calculations, mechanical properties, electronic structure, and Raman spectra of LiB₆Si structure were investigated. The band structures calculated by GGA-PBE and HSE06 methods reveal that LiB₆Si is an indirect band gap semiconductor. The band gap estimated by HSE06 method is about 2.24 eV, which is in good agreement with that of experimental value 2.27 eV. The calculated tensile stress-strain curves of LiB₆Si reveal that [010] direction is the cleavage direction under tensile strains. The calculated Raman spectra of LiB₆Si are also in good agreement with that of measured. The position of the band gap may provide a basis for further photocatalysis research on LiB₆Si.     

焦炉上升管内壁结焦炭层的光谱学分析及结焦机理研究

以焦炉上升管内壁结焦炭层块为研究对象，采用X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、傅里叶红外光谱仪（FTIR）和激光共聚焦拉曼光谱仪（Raman）对结焦炭层的元素组成，以及各结焦炭层的矿物组成、组成结构和分子结构进行测试。分析从结焦炭层块外表面向内表面过渡的各结焦炭层的差异性，揭示焦炉上升管内壁结焦机理。结果表明焦炉上升管内粉尘中Fe，S和Cr极易催化荒煤气中蒽、萘等稠环芳烃化合物成炭，在焦炉上升管内壁形成炭颗粒沉积，为焦油凝结挂壁提供载体，在荒煤气温度降至结焦温度时易结焦积碳。结焦炭层均含有芳香层结构，随着结焦炭层从外表面向内表面过渡，各结焦炭层的面层间距(d₀₀₂)逐渐降低、层片直径(L_a)先降低后增加、层片堆砌高度(Lc)和芳香层数(N)先稳定后增加。结焦炭层石墨化过程是由结焦炭层内表面向外表面进行，主要包括其片层外缘的羧基和部分C-O结构的降解剥离，从而形成高度规整的共轭结构。结焦炭层块中C元素是以结晶碳与无定型碳的混合物形式存在。以上研究为解决焦炉上升管内壁结焦及腐蚀问题，提高换热器换热效率，有效回收焦炉荒煤气显热，降低焦化企业能耗提供实验基础和理论依据。     

增材制造金属反射镜的发展综述

随着光学测量与遥感领域的不断发展,折反式光学系统对重量、体积和环境适应性等需求不断提高。基于增材制造技术的金属反射镜以其便于实现优化设计、快速制造和加工工艺性好等优点,逐渐获得国内外学者的关注与研究。与传统金属反射镜相比,增材制造金属反射镜可以提高反射镜的结构刚度,同时可实现更高程度的轻量化。增材制造反射镜可以满足光学系统对环境适应性和快速性的需求。本文首先讨论了金属反射镜的评价指标;其次,综述了国内外在基于增材制造技术制备金属反射镜领域的发展现状和技术参数,从增材制造金属反射镜的基体设计与制备和基体的后处理2个方面展开论述;然后,通过分析,总结了增材制造金属反射镜的技术路线和关键技术;最后,对增材制造反射镜的应用前景提出了展望。     

Pressure induced lattice anomalies in pnictides

Hydrostatic pressure Raman and synchrotron XRD measurements at room temperature have been carried out on a series of NdFeAsO_1−xF_y (Nd1111) oxypnictides in order to investigate pressure-induced lattice modifications. The synchrotron XRD data indicate that there is an increased deviation of the lattice constants from smooth pressure dependence in the superconducting compound, in close agreement with the results from SmFeAsO_1−xF_x (Sm1111), although the effect is less pronounced in Nd1111. As in Sm1111 the hydrostatic pressure Raman measurements show that the A_1g mode of the rare earth atom deviates from the linear pressure dependence. Anomalous pressure dependence and a hysteresis is observed in the phonon width of the phonon modes. The calculated Grüneisen parameter for the Nd phonon is very similar to the corresponding value for SmFeAsO_1−xF_x compound and it does not vary with substitution. For the As mode it has a lower value indicating a stiffer phonon with the increased ion size. In connection with the XRD measurements the Raman data show a sudden increase of the pressure-induced lattice anomalies close to doping where the compounds become superconducting.     

基于拉曼热测量技术的铜基复合物法兰GaN基晶体管的热阻分析

采用拉曼热测量技术结合有限元热仿真模型,分析比较新型铜/石墨复合物法兰封装与传统铜钼法兰封装的GaN器件的结温与热阻,发现前者的整体热阻比铜钼法兰器件的整体热阻低18.7%,器件内部各层材料的温度分布显示铜/石墨复合物法兰在器件中的热阻占比相比铜钼法兰在器件中的热阻占比低13%,这证明使用高热导率铜/石墨复合物法兰封装提高GaN器件热扩散性能的有效性.通过对两种GaN器件热阻占比的测量与分析,发现除了封装法兰以外,热阻占比最高的是GaN外延与衬底材料之间的界面热阻,降低界面热阻是进一步提高器件热性能的关键.同时,详细阐述了使用拉曼光热技术测量GaN器件结温和热阻的原理和过程,展示了拉曼光热技术作为一种GaN器件热特性表征方法的有效性.     

Setting local rank constraints by orthogonal projections for image resolution analysis: Application to the determination of a low dose pharmaceutical compound

Raman chemical imaging provides chemical and spatial information about pharmaceutical drug product. By using resolution methods on acquired spectra, the objective is to calculate pure spectra and distribution maps of image compounds. With multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares, constraints are used to improve the performance of the resolution and to decrease the ambiguity linked to the final solution. Non negativity and spatial local rank constraints have been identified as the most powerful constraints to be used.     

Influence of packing on the vibrations of homogeneous bundles of C60 peapods

The non-resonant Raman spectra of homogeneous bundles of C₆₀ peapods (C₆₀ inserted in single-walled carbon nanotubes) are calculated in the framework of spectral moment method, together with a bond-polarizability model. The evolutions of the low wavenumber range of the Raman spectrum of homogeneous bundles of C₆₀ peapods as a function of the nanotube diameter and the size of bundles are discussed. The effect of the C₆₀ filling factor is investigated in detail. The results are compared to experimental Raman data measured on various samples of C₆₀ peapods.